Gambaran kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kota Jayapura

Overview of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Jayapura City

Abstract

Kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Jayapura. Meskipun program pemerintah berupa pemberian 90 tablet Fe telah dijalankan, prevalensi anemia masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil di Kota Jayapura berdasarkan data rekam medis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang menggambarkan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif. Data diambil dari rekam medis ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia di lima Puskesmas di Kota Jayapura pada Januari–Desember 2023. Sampel berjumlah 104 ibu hamil yang dipilih dengan teknik quota sampling. Variabel yang dikaji mencakup usia, paritas, pendidikan, usia kehamilan, status gizi (berdasarkan LILA), dan derajat anemia. Berdasarkan hasil pengambilan data yang dilakukan pada lima Puskesmas di Wilayah Kota Jayapura mayoritas ibu hamil dengan anemia berada pada kelompok usia tidak berisiko (84,6%), berstatus multipara (41,4%), berpendidikan SMA (74%), dan berada pada trimester kedua kehamilan (60,6%). Sebagian besar memiliki status gizi baik (83,7%) dan mengalami anemia ringan (60,6%). Anemia ringan masih umum terjadi pada ibu hamil di Kota Jayapura meskipun sebagian besar memiliki status gizi baik. Diperlukan edukasi dan pemantauan rutin melalui pemeriksaan kehamilan (ANC) sejak trimester pertama untuk mendeteksi dan menangani anemia secara dini.

The occurrence of anemia in pregnant women remains a public health problem in Indonesia, including in Jayapura City. Even though the government program of providing 90 Fe tablets has been implemented, the prevalence of anemia is still high. This study aims to describe the characteristics of anemia incidence in pregnant women in Jayapura City based on medical record data. This study is a quantitative descriptive study that describes the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design. Data were taken from medical records of pregnant women with anemia at five Community Health Centers in Jayapura City in January–December 2023. The sample consisted of 104 pregnant women selected using the quota sampling technique. The variables studied included age, parity, education, gestational age, nutritional status (based on LILA), and degree of anemia. Based on the results of data collection conducted at five Community Health Centers in Jayapura City, the majority of pregnant women with anemia were in the non-risk age group (84.6%), multiparous (41.4%), had a high school/vocational high school education (74%), and were in the second trimester of pregnancy (60.6%). Most of them had good nutritional status (83.7%) and had mild anemia (60.6%). Mild anemia is still common in pregnant women in Jayapura City even though most of them have good nutritional status. Regular education and monitoring through prenatal check-ups (ANC) from the first trimester is needed to detect and treat anemia early.