Pengalaman keluarga sebagai caregiver dalam merawat anggota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa berat di Kabupaten Tulungagung: studi fenomenologi
Experiences of family caregivers in caring for family members with severe mental illness in Tulungagung Regency: a phenomenological study
Keywords:
Caregiver keluarga, gangguan jiwa berat, pengalaman merawat, fenomenologi deskriptifAbstract
Keluarga merupakan caregiver utama bagi klien dengan gangguan jiwa berat di komunitas dan menghadapi beban psikologis, sosial, serta stigma yang memengaruhi kualitas perawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat anggota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa berat di Kabupaten Tulungagung. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam pada enam partisipan yang berperan sebagai caregiver keluarga, dipilih secara purposive hingga mencapai saturasi data. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik fenomenologis dengan metode Colaizzi dan perangkat lunak NVivo 10, serta dijaga trustworthiness-nya melalui credibility, dependability, confirmability, dan transferability. Analisis menghasilkan lima tema, meliputi: (1) awal mula gangguan jiwa sebagai pengalaman traumatis, (2) respons awal keluarga terhadap kondisi klien, (3) sikap keluarga dalam proses perawatan sehari-hari, (4) interaksi dengan lingkungan sosial dan pengalaman stigma, serta (5) penerimaan keluarga sebagai proses bertahap. Tema esensial yang muncul adalah perawatan sebagai proses dinamis dan berkelanjutan dalam konteks keluarga dan komunitas. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya penguatan intervensi keperawatan jiwa berbasis keluarga, termasuk psychoeducation dan dukungan caregiver di komunitas untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan perawatan.
Families are the primary caregivers for clients with severe mental illness in the community and face psychological, social, and stigma-related burdens that affect the quality of care. This study aimed to explore the experiences of family caregivers in caring for family members with severe mental illness in Tulungagung Regency. A qualitative design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six participants who served as family caregivers, purposively selected until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using phenomenological thematic analysis based on the Colaizzi method with NVivo 10 software, and trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability. Analysis yielded five themes: (1) the onset of mental illness as a traumatic experience, (2) the family's initial response to the client's condition, (3) family attitudes in daily caregiving, (4) interactions with the social environment and experiences of stigma, and (5) family acceptance as a gradual process. The essential theme that emerged was caregiving as a dynamic and ongoing process within the family and community context. These findings indicate the need to strengthen family-based mental health nursing interventions, including psychoeducation and community caregiver support to enhance the continuity of care.
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