Gambaran self-efficacy pada usia dewasa madya dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rejosari, Pekanbaru

Self-efficacy among middle-aged adults with hypertension in the Rejosari Community Health Center work area, Pekanbaru

Abstract

Salah satu tantangan dalam pengelolaan hipertensi, terutama pada kelompok usia dewasa madya, adalah kesibukan dan tingginya stresor kehidupan yang menghambat penerapan perilaku hidup sehat. Rendahnya kepatuhan pasien juga masih menjadi masalah utama dalam manajemen hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran self-efficacy pada usia dewasa madya dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Rejosari, Pekanbaru. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 333 responden yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Self-efficacy diukur menggunakan Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP). Mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat self-efficacy kategori sedang (67,3%). Keyakinan tertinggi ditemukan pada aspek kepatuhan minum obat antihipertensi sesuai jadwal dokter, dengan 74,4% responden menyatakan yakin atau sangat yakin. Sebaliknya, keyakinan terendah ditemukan pada aspek pengelolaan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, pengelolaan stres, dan pemantauan kesehatan mandiri, dengan proporsi "agak yakin" berkisar antara 45,3%–53,8%. Penguatan self-efficacy pada aspek-aspek tersebut perlu menjadi fokus intervensi keperawatan pada penderita hipertensi dewasa madya.

One of the challenges in managing hypertension, especially among middle-aged adults, is the busyness and high life stressors that hinder the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Low patient adherence also remains a major problem in hypertension management. This study aimed to describe the self-efficacy of middle-aged adults with hypertension in the working area of Puskesmas Rejosari, Pekanbaru. A descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach was used. A total of 333 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Self-efficacy was measured using the Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP). The majority of respondents had a moderate level of self-efficacy (67.3%). The highest confidence was found in adherence to taking antihypertensive medication according to the doctor's schedule, with 74.4% of respondents reporting being confident or very confident. In contrast, the lowest confidence was found in diet management, physical activity, stress management, and self-health monitoring, with the proportion of respondents reporting "somewhat confident" ranging from 45.3% to 53.8%. Strengthening self-efficacy in these aspects should be the focus of nursing interventions for middle-aged hypertensive patients.