Hubungan peran ayah dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12–36 bulan

The relationship between paternal roles and stunting among children aged 12–36 months

Abstract

Stunting pada anak merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh asupan nutrisi, tetapi juga oleh pola pengasuhan dalam keluarga, termasuk keterlibatan ayah. Peran ayah dalam pemenuhan gizi, pengasuhan, dan pemantauan kesehatan anak berpotensi memengaruhi status gizi anak usia dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara peran ayah dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12–36 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Lima Puluh, Kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 108 anak usia 12–36 bulan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Peran ayah diukur menggunakan kuesioner keterlibatan ayah, sedangkan status gizi anak dinilai berdasarkan indikator tinggi badan menurut usia (TB/U) sesuai standar WHO. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anak memiliki status gizi normal (78,7%) dan mayoritas ayah memiliki peran yang baik dalam pengasuhan (91,7%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara peran ayah dan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12–36 bulan (p = 0,003), di mana keterlibatan ayah yang baik berkaitan dengan risiko stunting yang lebih rendah. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pelibatan ayah dalam upaya pencegahan stunting melalui pendekatan berbasis keluarga, khususnya pada periode 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan.

Stunting in children is a chronic nutritional problem influenced not only by inadequate nutrient intake but also by family caregiving practices, including paternal involvement. Fathers’ roles in nutritional provision, caregiving, and health monitoring may affect the nutritional status of young children. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between paternal roles and the incidence of stunting among children aged 12–36 months in the working area of Lima Puluh Subdistrict Primary Health Center, Pekanbaru City. This study employed a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 108 children aged 12–36 months selected using a cluster random sampling technique. Paternal roles were measured using a father involvement questionnaire, while children’s nutritional status was assessed based on height-for-age (H/A) indicators according to WHO standards. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that most children had normal nutritional status (78.7%) and the majority of fathers demonstrated good involvement in caregiving (91.7%). A significant relationship was found between paternal roles and the incidence of stunting among children aged 12–36 months (p = 0.003), where good paternal involvement was associated with a lower risk of stunting. These findings highlight the importance of engaging fathers in family-based stunting prevention efforts, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life.