Tantangan dan pengalaman ibu hamil dengan anemia dalam upaya pencegahan: studi fenomenologi di Timika: Challenges and experiences of pregnant women with anemia in prevention efforts: a phenomenological study in Timika

Alfisanatin; Rosmin M Tingginehe; Arius  Togodly; Samuel Piter Irab; Muhammad Akbar Nurdin; Yulius Sarungu Paiting

doi:10.47539/jktp.v9i1.501

Authors

Alfisanatin Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih
Rosmin M Tingginehe Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih
Arius Togodly Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih
Samuel Piter Irab Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih
Muhammad Akbar Nurdin Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih
Yulius Sarungu Paiting Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Cenderawasih

Keywords:

Anemia kehamilan, edukasi kesehatan, ibu hamil, Papua, tablet tambah darah

Abstract

Anemia pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang signifikan di Papua, dengan tren peningkatan kasus di layanan kesehatan primer. Faktor perilaku, gizi, dan sosial budaya diketahui memengaruhi upaya pencegahan, namun bukti kontekstual dari wilayah ini masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman dan hambatan ibu hamil dengan anemia dalam menjalani upaya pencegahan di Puskesmas Pasar Sentral Timika. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif dilakukan di Puskesmas Pasar Sentral Timika, Papua. Sepuluh ibu hamil dengan anemia dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Colaizzi. Lima tema teridentifikasi: pengetahuan partisipan tentang anemia umumnya terbatas, dengan internet sebagai sumber informasi utama selain tenaga kesehatan; kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah rendah, dipengaruhi oleh kelupaan, kondisi subjektif, serta ketidaknyamanan terhadap rasa dan bau tablet; pola makan belum optimal, dengan variasi konsumsi terbatas dan adanya pantangan makanan berbasis budaya; dukungan keluarga, terutama suami, berperan dalam mendukung konsumsi tablet tambah darah; dan edukasi dari tenaga kesehatan umumnya masih bersifat instruksional tanpa penjelasan yang memadai. Temuan ini menggambarkan kesenjangan antara ketersediaan intervensi, pemahaman ibu hamil, dan kualitas edukasi dalam pelayanan antenatal.

Anemia among pregnant women remains a major public health concern in Papua, Indonesia, with increasing cases reported at primary healthcare settings. Behavioral, nutritional, and sociocultural factors are known to influence prevention practices, yet contextual evidence from this region remains limited. This study aimed to explore the experiences and barriers of pregnant women with anemia in undertaking prevention efforts at Puskesmas Pasar Sentral Timika. A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted at Puskesmas Pasar Sentral Timika, Papua. Ten pregnant women with anemia were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Five themes were identified: participants' knowledge of anemia was generally limited, with the internet as a primary source of information alongside healthcare providers; adherence to iron supplementation was low, influenced by forgetfulness, subjective conditions, and discomfort related to the tablet's taste and smell; dietary practices were suboptimal, with limited food variety and the presence of culturally influenced food taboos; family support, particularly from husbands, facilitated supplementation adherence; and health education provided by healthcare workers was mostly instructional without adequate explanation. These findings describe a gap between the availability of interventions, pregnant women's understanding, and the quality of education within antenatal care services.

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